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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania is a
commonwealth and one of
the states of the United
States of America. It has
given its name to the State nickname: "The Keystone State"
Pennsylvanian time period
in geology. Pennsylvania
is called the Keystone
State. Other U.S. States
Although Swedes and Dutch Capital Harrisburg
were the first European Largest City Philadelphia
settlers, the Quaker Area Ranked 33rd
William Penn named - Total 119,283 km2
Pennsylvania for the Latin - Land 116,074 km²
phrase meaning "Penn's - Water 3,208 km2
woodlands", in honor of - % water 2.7%
his father. Today, two
major cities dominate the Population Ranked 6th
state -- Philadelphia, - Total (2000) 12,281,054
home of the Liberty Bell, - Density 106/km²
Constitution Hall, and a Admittance into
thriving metropolitan Union Revolutionary War
area, and Pittsburgh, a - Order 2nd
busy inland river port. - Date December 12, 1787
Pennsylvania is one of the Time zone Eastern: UTC-5/-4
nation's most historic Latitude 39æ43'N to 42æN
states. Philadelphia is Longitude 74æ43'W to 80æ31'W
often called the cradle of Width 255 km
the American Nation. It Length 455 km
was here that the Elevation
Declaration of -Highest 979 meters
Independence and the -Mean 335 meters
Constitution were drawn up -Lowest 0 meters
by the founding fathers.
The Pocono Mountains and ISO 3166-2: US-PA
the Delaware Water Gap
provide popular recreational activities.
The so-called "Pennsylvania Dutch" region in south-central Pennsylvania is
another favorite of sightseers. Pennsylvania Germans, including the Amish
and the Mennonites, dominate the area around the cities of Lancaster, York,
and Harrisburg, with smaller numbers extending northeast to the
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton area and up the Susquehanna River valley. Most of
the Old Order Amish have left the area, but many Mennonites remain,
particularly in Lancaster County. Some adherents eschew modern conveniences
and use horse-drawn farming equipment and carriages, while others are
virtually indistinguishable from non-Amish or Mennonites.
(The term "Dutch" is a misnomer, as none of these groups are of Dutch
origin; the German adjective for "German", "Deutsch", was misheard as
"Dutch" and the name stuck.)
The battleship USS Pennsylvania, damaged at Pearl Harbor, was named in honor
of this state.
History
Before the state existed, the area was home to the Delaware (also known as
Lenni Lenape), Susquehanna, Iroquois, Eriez, Shawnee and other native
american tribes.
In 1643, the southeastern portion of the state, in the vicinity of
Philadelphia, was settled by Sweden, but control later passed to
Netherlands, and then to Britain.
On March 4, 1681, Charles II of England granted a land charter to William
Penn for the area that now includes Pennsylvannia. Penn then founded a
colony there as a place of religious freedom for Quakers, and named it for
the Latin phrase meaning "Penn's woods".
A large tract of land north and west of Philadelphia, in Montgomery,
Chester, and Delaware Counties, was settled by Welsh Quakers and called the
"Welsh Tract". Even today many cities and towns in that area bear the names
of Welsh municipalities.
In 1704 the "three lower counties" of New Castle, Kent, and Sussex gained a
separate legislature, and in 1710 a separate executive council, to form the
new colony Delaware.
Pennsylvania and Delaware were two of the thirteen colonies that revolted
against British rule in the American Revolution of 1776. Pennsylvania became
the second state on December 12, 1787 (five days after Delaware became the
first).
Law and Government
The capital of Pennsylvania is Harrisburg. Its current governor is Edward G.
"Ed" Rendell, a former mayor of Philadelphia (Democrat). Pennsylvania's two
U.S. senators are Rick Santorum (Republican) and Arlen Specter (Republican).
List of Pennsylvania Governors.
The origin of Pennsylvania's government is unique as it was based on
consensus (as with Quakers) rather than voting.
Notable Pennsylvanians
Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of the most important figures in
Pennsylvania's history, although he was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He
founded the University of Pennsylvania in 1742. He had the distinction of
signing both the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution. He
is buried with his wife Deborah in Christ Church Cemetery in the city.
James Buchanan (1791-1868) was born and lived in Pennsylvania until his
death. He was the 15th President of the United States and the only President
from that state.
Winfield Scott Hancock (1824-1886) was born in Montgomery Square. He
commanded Union troops during the U.S. Civil War, most notably during the
Battle of Gettysburg.
Ida Tarbell (1857-1944) was born in Erie and was educated at the Sorbonne in
Paris. She was a pioneering "muckraker" journalist and one of the few female
journalists in the country during her time. In 1906, she joined with Lincoln
Steffens and Ray Stannard Baker to establish the radical []American
Magazine]]. She also wrote several books on the role of women including The
Business of Being a Woman (1912) and The Ways of Women (1915).
Pop artist Andy Warhol (1928-1987) was born Andrew Warhola in Pittsburgh.
The Andy Warhol Museum is located in Pittsburgh's North Side, and he is
buried in nearby Bethel Park.
The current Secretary of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Tom Ridge
(1945-), was Governor of Pennsylvania between 1995 and 2003. Prior to that,
he was a US Representative from Erie between 1982 and 1995.
Geography
Pennsylvania is bordered on the north and northeast by New York, on the
east, across the Delaware River by New Jersey, on the south by Delaware,
Maryland, and West Virginia, on the west by Ohio, and on the northwest by
Lake Erie. The Delaware, Susquehanna, Monongahela, Allegheny, and Ohio
Rivers are the major rivers of the state. The capital is Harrisburg.
Pennsylvania is 180 miles north to south and 310 miles east to west. The
total land area is 44,817 square miles, 739,200 acres (1,239 square miles)
of which are bodies of water. It is the 33rd largest state in the United
States. The highest point of 3,213 feet above sea level is at Mt. Davis. The
lowest point is 0 feet above sea level on the Delaware River. Pennsylvania
is in the Eastern time zone.
Economy
Pennsylvania's 1999 total gross state product was $383 billion, placing it
6th in the nation and its 2000 Per Capita Personal Income was $29,539, 18th
in the nation. Its agricultural outputs are dairy products, poultry, cattle,
nursery stock, mushrooms, hogs, and hay. Its industrial outputs are food
processing, chemical products, machinery, electric equipment, and tourism.
Demographics
As of 2000, the population was 12,281,054. When Pennsylvania became a state
in 1787, it had a population of about 300,000.
Important Cities and Towns
* Philadelphia * Wilkes-Barre
* Pittsburgh * Scranton
* Erie * State College
* Allentown
* Bethlehem
* Reading
* Williamsport
* Lancaster
* York
Pennsylvania also saw the Battle of Gettysburg, near Gettysburg. Many
historians consider this battle the major turning point of the American
Civil War. Dead from this battle rest at Gettysburg National Cemetery, site
of Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address.
Education
Colleges and Universities The Keystone State
State Animal: Whitetail Deer
* Albright College State Beverage: Milk
* Allegheny College State Bird: Ruffed Grouse
* Allegheny University of the Health
Sciences (defunct and bankrupt; State Capital: Harrisburg
absorbed by Drexel University State Dog: Great Dane
College of Medicine) State Fish: Brook Trout
* Alvernia College
* American College State Flower: Mountain Laurel
* Arcadia University (formerly State Insect: Firefly
Beaver College)
* Baptist Bible College State Song: Pennsylvania
* Bloomsburg University of State Tree: Hemlock
Pennsylvania
* Bryn Athyn College of the New
Church
* Bryn Mawr College
* Bucknell University
* Cabrini College
* California University of
Pennsylvania
* Carlow College
* Carnegie Mellon University
* Cedar Crest College
* Chatham College
* Chestnut Hill College
* Cheyney University
* Clarion University
* College Misericordia
* Curtis Institute of Music
* Delaware Valley College
* DeSales University (formerly
Allentown College of St. Francis
DeSales)
* Dickinson College
* Drexel University
* Duquesne University
* East Stroudsburg University of
Pennsylvania
* Eastern University (formerly
Eastern College)
* Edinboro University of
Pennsylvania
* Elizabethtown College
* Franklin and Marshall College
* Gannon University
* Geneva College
* Gettysburg College
* Gratz College
* Grove City College
* Gwynedd Mercy College
* Hanhemann Medical College (now a
unit of Drexel University College
of Medicine)
* Harrisburg Area Community College
* Haverford College
* Holy Family College
* Immaculata College
* Indiana University of Pennsylvania
* Juniata College
* Keystone College
* King's College
* Kutztown University of
Pennsylvania
* La Roche College
* Lafayette College
* Lancaster Bible College
* Lancaster Theological Seminary
* LaSalle University
* Lebanon Valley College
* Lehigh University
* Lincoln University
* Lock Haven University of
Pennsylvania
* Lycoming College
* Mansfield University of
Pennsylvania
* Marywood University
* Medical College of Pennsylvania
(now a unit of Drexel University
College of Medicine) (formerly
Woman's Medical College of
Pennsylvania)
* Mercyhurst College
* Messiah College
* Millersville University
* Moore College of Art and Design
* Moravian College
* Mount Aloysius College
* Muhlenberg College
* Neumann College
* Peirce College
* Pennsylvania College of Optometry
* Pennsylvania College of Podiatric
Medicine
* Pennsylvania School of Art and
Design
* Pennsylvania State University
System
o Pennsylvania State University
Abington
o Pennsylvania State University
Altoona
o Pennsylvania State University
Beaver
* Pennsylvania State University
System Continued
o Pennsylvania State
University Erie, the
Behrend College
o Pennsylvania State
University Berks -
Lehigh Valley
o Pennsylvania State
University College of
Medicine
o Pennsylvania State
University Commonwealth
College
o Pennsylvania State
University Delaware
County
o Pennsylvania State
University Dickinson
School of Law (formerly
Dickinson Law School)
o Pennsylvania State
University DuBois
o Pennsylvania State
University Fayette
o Pennsylvania State
University Great Valley
o Pennsylvania State
University Harrisburg
o Pennsylvania State
University Hazleton
o Pennsylvania State
University McKeesport
o Pennsylvania State
University New
Kensington
o Pennsylvania State
University Mont Alto
o Pennsylvania College of
Technology
o Pennsylvania State
University Schuylkill
o Pennsylvania State
University Shenango
o Pennsylvania State
University University
Park
o Pennsylvania State
University Wilkes-Barre
o Pennsylvania State
University Worthington
Scranton
o Pennsylvania State
University York
* Philadelphia Biblical
University
* Philadelphia College of
Pharmacy and Science (now
University of the Sciences in
Philadelphia)
* Philadelphia University
(formerly Philadelphia
College of Textiles)
* Point Park Morris College
* Robert Morris College
* Rosemont College
* Saint Francis College
* Saint Joseph's University
* Saint Vincent College
* Seton Hill College
* Shippensburg University
* Slippery Rock University of
Pennsylvania
* Susquehanna University
* Swarthmore College
* Temple University
* Thiel College
* Thaddeus Stevens State School
of Technology
* Thomas Jefferson University
* University of Pennsylvania
* University of Pittsburgh
o University of Pittsburgh
at Bradford
o University of Pittsburgh
at Greensburg
o University of Pittsburgh
at Johnstown
o University of Pittsburgh
at Titusville
* University of Scranton
* University of the Arts
* University of the Sciences in
Philadelphia (formerly
Philadelphia College of
Pharmacy and Science)
* Ursinus College
* Valley Forge Christian
College
* Villanova University
* Washington and Jefferson
College
* Waynesburg College
* West Chester University of
Pennsylvania
* Westminster College
* Westminster Theological
Seminary
* Widener University
* Wilkes University
* Wilson College
* York College of Pennsylvania
Professional Sports Teams
* National Football League * Arena Football League
o Philadelphia Eagles o Philadelphia Soul
o Pittsburgh Steelers * Women's United Soccer Association
* Major League Baseball o Philadelphia Charge
o Philadelphia Phillies * Minor League Baseball Teams
o Pittsburgh Pirates o Erie SeaWolves
* National Basketball o Altoona Curve
Association o Harrisburg Senators
o Philadelphia 76ers o Williamsport Crosscutters
* National Hockey League o Reading Phillies
o Philadelphia Flyers o Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red
o Pittsburgh Penguins Barons
Minor league hockey
* American Hockey League
o Hershey Bears
o Philadelphia Phantoms
o Wilkes Barre-Scranton Penguins
* East Coast Hockey League
o Johnstown Chiefs
o Reading Royals
* Ontario Hockey League
o Erie Otters
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